Recently, Jingdezhen porcelain, which has not been seen in the newspaper for a long time, has once again received media attention, and the reason is that they are arrogant for "a bribe." According to reports, Feng Linhua, former party secretary of Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, was suspected of bribing a large amount of ceramic art to Li Fangfang, the "Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee", involving a total amount of 10 million yuan. When the matter came out, it set off a discussion about the "abstract" in the Tibetan world. Although the bribe is called "elegant", it is actually indecent. In recent years, the Tibetan and official venues have become the high-risk areas of the Arab-British scandal. With the successive decline of officials such as Wenqiang and Nifake, their collections of paintings, jade and porcelain have been affixed to many people’s hearts. The label of the object. In the face of the current situation of bribery and "absent bribery", some scholars have suggested that bribery has no "elegant" at all, and the so-called "absent bribe" has become a poison for officialdom and Tibetan circles.
How did the ancients view "a bribe"
Bribery and bribery have existed in the ancient times. As early as the Han Dynasty, they began to show their enthusiasm, and the Tang and Song Dynasties became a trend, and the Ming and Qing Dynasties were the most prosperous. At the end of the feudal society, the lower-level bachelor’s superiors and businessmen bribed officials, collusion between officials and businessmen, and mutual benefit have become commonplace. Some people have doubts: When the Ming and Qing Dynasties were severe, why did the bribery winds blew. In fact, this has to be attributed to the popularity of the bribe.
A bribe is called “elegant briberyâ€. It is a briber who wants to appease arty officials and adapt to the new demands of bribery. The new variants produced in bribery are manifested in bribery. Ya bribes are not directly sent to real money or silver. The car is a mansion, but it is good for it, and it has become a jade, porcelain and celebrity calligraphy and painting that officials like. In this way, the naked money transaction is concealed in a bead curtain that looks like a literati, and becomes a kind of “stylish and tasteful†exchange. In the feudal society, the bribery is not a sight to be seen, and there are even a few special "A bribe cases" that have been talked about and widely circulated.
Two special bribes considered to be "elegant"
Rice bran "send stone"
One of the four Song family members has been an official for many years. It is said that when Mi Fu was 47 years old, he was impeached in the Shushui Army for his ruined official duties and playing the strange stone all day. After learning about this incident, his boss, Yang Cigong, who was in charge of the history, personally went to the door and advised Mi Fu not to indulge in "Ya play."
It is said that Yang Cigong met with Mi Fu and criticized him: "You are a court official, you should be devoted to your duties. How can you enjoy the stone and ignore the official work all day?" Mi Fu listened to the past and took out a piece of color from the sleeves. The exquisite and clear stone was displayed to Yang Cigong. He also said: "How can such a stone not be loved?" But Yang Cigong dismissed it. Then, Mi Fu took out a piece of peaks and smashing stones from the sleeves, and turned to Yang Cigong to see, but Yang Cigong still did not look. Mi Sui saw that the boss was unmoved, and took out a more wonderful and exquisite stone. He proudly said to Yang Cigong: "How can you not love it when you choose a strange stone?" At this moment, a dramatic scene took place, Yang Cigong. Suddenly, my eyes are bright: "This kind of strange stone, not only you love, I also love it!" After that, he took away the strange stone in the rice bran and went straight to the car. Mi Fu "lost" love stone, and often writes to Yang Cigong, but the other party is not willing to "return."
Many people in later generations interpret Mi Fu's "send" stone as "a bribe", but such a bribery has no flaws, and it can be said that "Ya" has reached its limit.
Hu Xueyan borrowed to paint "a bribe"
It is rumored that in the seven years of Guangxu, in order to help Zuo Zongtang's west expedition, ship shipping bureau, and foreign affairs, "Red Top Merchant" Hu Xueyan plans to "take foreign money" to 3,800,000 foreign merchants from Germany and Britain. But if this plan is to be done, it must be approved by the Qing government. At that time, the Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Prime Minister’s Minister of State Affairs (equivalent to the current Minister of Finance and Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation) was a must-see figure.
Hu Xueyan considered that he did not know Baodi, and it would be futile to rush to send money. Therefore, Hu Xueyan, who has long been acquainted with the "abstract", came to the Liulichang to find a credible antique dealer as a middleman for bribery. After learning that there was a Ming Dynasty Tang Yan’s "Looking at the Wind and Listening to the Wind", Hu Xueyan asked the antique dealers to contact Baodi, saying that some buyers liked the painting very much and would like to ask for a treasure of 30,000 yuan. "Cut love." Baodi naturally knows that this painting is good, but there will be such a high price, and now the heart will be the gods, telling the antique merchants to be the virtue of the gentleman "the beauty of adults."
Although Hu Xueyan borrowed a picture to pay bribes to Baodi, although it was relatively naked, such a bribery case actually promoted the historical process under the special circumstances of the Westernization Movement, so later generations also called it "a bribe."
Modern society "a bribe" is bribery
As a remnant of feudal ideology, "A bribe" has been criticized to this day. The collector Ma Weidu is very disgusted with the so-called "a bribe" in modern society. He once analyzed: "Even in ancient times, even the 'A bribes' are very different from the present. At that time, the recipients of 'A bribes' were mostly imperial examinations. Born in, is a real gentleman, such as Yan and his son are big talents, Zhang Juzheng, Zuo Zongtang not to mention. Now accepting the 'A bribe' official, I highly suspect that few of them can understand the cultural relics Cultural information. Ancient collectors at home, officials account for the majority, they really like, really understand, the things sent are also real. And the treasures are two-way flow, officials will reward the collection to the subordinates, unlike now Art works only going upstream."
The "absent bribery" in modern society is not only unreasonable in the cultural sense, but also impossible at the legal level.
Some scholars say that the foundation of modern society is the rule of law. This is completely different from the feudal rule of the people. Therefore, in most cases, there is no essential difference between bribery and bribery in the popular sense. They are also accompanied by power transactions. Will break the law.
How does the collection become a bribery tool
Many people are curious as to how the current bribers can transfer benefits to officials through “absent briberyâ€. In fact, such things are common in the collections, and in most cases they are completed by bribery and bribery.
Technique 1: Bribers deliberately buy fakes
First, the bribe-takers put the fake antiques in the antique shop for sale, and then the bribes buy them at the real price. In fact, the true and false bribers and bribers of the collections have long known that some bribers will even directly tell the bribe takers, when and where to shop to sell this thing, the price is probably about. In this way, fake antiques and fake calligraphy and paintings have become a kind of props, and become a carrier for disguised money. As for the antique shops, they are also happy to sell them because they can earn several “fee fees†from them.
In addition to the way to buy and sell directly from the antique shop, there is another more public way of "A bribe", which is through the auction house public auction. First, the bribers take the worthless counterfeit goods through the acquaintances to obtain the so-called "authentication book" of the expert or appraisal agency, and then "cooperate" with the auction house to take the counterfeit goods as the real thing to the auction. Then, the bribe will determine the property rights of the counterfeit as the recipient of the bribe, and finally find another person to take it at the price of the real thing, and the auction house will receive the commission.
Technique 2: Selling genuine products as fakes
This is the first way to do the opposite, that is, the bribe person puts an antique product or a celebrity painting in the antique shop, and the owner sells it to the bribe taker at a low price. If the recipient of the bribe only wants money, he can choose the opportunity to sell the real thing and cash out.
The above two methods fully embodies the concealment of “a bribeâ€, the so-called “securityâ€. Many officials dare to collect millions of dollars of antiques, rather than to collect millions of dollars in cash, the reason is that antiques are difficult to distinguish between true and false. Once the incident occurs, it can be argued that "it is a fake." For those who have already sold things to the bribes, the last remaining "spirits" are the tickets or records of the antique shop, but due to the rules of the antiques, these records are difficult to find or be discovered. .
Countless treasures are dusted by "bribery"
In the Tibetan realm, the awkwardness of corrupt officials is that they occupy a large amount of valuable collection resources, and when they are defeated, countless original innocent ya plays are labeled as "bribe" because of the power transaction. , as a specimen of warning education. In May 2002, Wang Tianyi, the former director of the Lucheng Branch of the Wenzhou Municipal Public Security Bureau, was sentenced to death for accepting bribes and a large amount of unidentified sources of property. His family’s bribery and cultural relics amounted to more than a thousand pieces, such as Liu Kuiling’s paintings and paintings worth 240,000 yuan. Qi Baishi's "Spring Mountain Map" of 340,000 yuan, the 19th century French copper enamel gold harp pattern tray clock with a value of 80,000 yuan, and the Huanlong Year of the Qing Dynasty. In August 2002, former Shaoshe, the former party secretary of Chenzhou City, Hebei Province, was sentenced to life imprisonment for accepting bribes. Among the property confiscated according to law, there were 59 celebrity calligraphy and paintings, including the last Chinese champion Liu Chunlin’s "Seven-character Poems". Dong Shouping’s "Mozhu" and Qi Gong's "Seven-character Poems" are said to be invaluable.
Not only antiques, Tian Huangshi and Shangpin Shoushan Stone were also hurt by the corruption case of the former director of the Fujian Provincial Administration of Industry and Commerce Zhou Jinhu. It is said that Zhou Jinqi regards the valuable Tian Huangshi as a “living savingsâ€. Anyone who comes to the office for a job, as long as he sends Tian Huangshi or the finest Shoushan Stone, he can get it. According to a Shoushan Stone collector in Fujian, almost one-third of the famous Shoushan Stone unearthed in Fuzhou in the past 30 years has fallen into the hands of Zhou Jinqi. He has seen four pieces of Shoushan Stone collected by Zhou Jinhu, each worth 2 million yuan. Above.
It can be seen that in the rule of law society, the so-called "absent bribe" not only harms others, but also makes the collection even more difficult. Anyone who has a good taste and loves a collection is understandable. However, if the principle is lost and the line is unjust, the word "é›…" will abandon him and leave only the word "bribe" to become its epitaph.
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