At present, there are two main methods for anti-mosquito application. The first method is the method of repelling or killing mosquitoes in the environment as described in the previous section. This method is simple and economical, but the effect is Not persistent and need to be used frequently. In addition, the smoke or the agent released by the mosquito-repellent incense or insecticidal aerosol can cause certain damage to the human body, so it is not suitable for frequent use. The second method is to process the textiles that are often in contact with the human body to make them have a more durable anti-mosquito effect. The method is simple in operation, convenient in use, mature in technical process, and has proved to have good anti-mosquito effect after long-time production practice, and is resistant to multiple washings, and is non-toxic and harmless to the human body. This section discusses the anti-mosquito finish for textiles.
Anti-mosquito finishing is the treatment of fabrics with microcapsules containing various mosquito repellents and insecticides. Under specific process conditions such as temperature and time, it is combined with fibers by binders and the like to form insoluble on the surface of the fibers. A mosquito repellent film for water and general organic solvents. The film has the odor of mosquitoes and the like, so that the mosquitoes and the like do not want to stay on the fabric containing the mosquito repellent and escape, and the mosquitoes are immediately knocked down or killed as soon as they contact the fabric.
1. Repellents and insecticides
In the past ten years, the research and production of my anti-mosquito drugs have achieved remarkable results. On the one hand, due to reform and opening up, many advanced varieties and technologies have been introduced, and domestic units have also worked hard to improve the quality of the main pesticides. Quality and development of new types of drugs.
There are many kinds of compounds with repellent efficacy and mosquito killing efficacy, but the effects vary widely. The ideal repellent and insecticide has the advantages of high efficiency, rapidity, harmless to the human body, no irritation to the skin, no bad smell, stable nature, low price and convenient use.
1. Repellent
The repellent itself has no insecticidal effect. It is generally believed that the mechanism of mosquito repellent is because the skin of the human body emits a scent that attracts mosquitoes, and the repellent has the smell of mosquitoes, making it unwilling to be in a place containing mosquito repellent. Stop and escape, to prevent mosquito bites and invasion. Another point of view is that the repellent effect is probably because the molecules of the mosquito repellent compound block the small holes in the hair of the mosquito sensory organs, so that the mosquitoes lose the ability to track the heat and moisture emitted by the human body, which is not correct. Find the target. Information The most suitable repellent for textiles is the montan-3,8-diol, whose molecular structure is as follows:
OH
∣
H CH2—CH H OH
∣ ∣ ∣
CH3 — C C — C — CH3
∣
CH2—CH2 CH3
The substance is a yellowish waxy substance, hardly soluble in water, and easily soluble in organic solvents. The acute oral LD30 of the mice was 3200 mg/kg, and the skin application LD50 was 12 g/kg.
In addition, for montanic diol, 4-terpineol, 2,5-xylene-2,5-hexanediol, montanol compounds, benzene carboxylate organic ester compounds, benzene amide compounds and derivatives thereof, etc. It can also be used as a mosquito repellent.
2, pesticides
Insecticides mainly kill pests through contact, stomach poisoning or fumigation. Although there are many types of insecticides, pyrethroids are the most recommended drugs among all the current hygienic insecticides used to kill insects such as mosquitoes and flies. Pyrethroid insecticides have the advantages of high efficiency, broad spectrum, low toxicity, low residue, etc., but there are also some shortcomings such as high toxicity to fish, poor selectivity to natural enemies, and no systemic conduction.
Pyrethrin is one of two esters extracted from pyrethrum and can be used as an insecticide. Pyrethroid is a non-volatile hydrocarbon that is a type of biomimetic synthetic insecticide that is structurally or biologically active like natural pyrethrin. Pyrethroids are a class of compounds that have developed rapidly in the last forty years. It is a kind of new type of hygienic insecticide that simulates the active constituents and chemical structure of natural pyrethrin. It has a rapid knockdown effect, has a wide spectrum of insecticides, high efficacy, and has a certain repellent effect on insects. It has low toxicity to human body, is easy to biodegrade, and does not produce toxic residues after biodegradation. In addition, the physicochemical properties of pyrethroids are also ideal, and are suitable for various types of preparations. Since pyrethroids have been widely used for decades, mosquitoes have been resistant, and synergists are often added in practical applications to improve their effects.
According to the relevant information, the most suitable pyrethroid compound for the anti-mosquito finishing of fabric is Tetramethrin, whose molecular structure is as follows:
Is a white crystal, insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents, the knockdown effect on insects is extremely fast, the quality of storage for three years at room temperature is unchanged, LD50 is 5200mg/kg.
Second, repellent and insecticide screening test
1. Screening of repellents
There are many types of pyrethroids. Therefore, in order to screen highly effective and low-toxic repellents and insecticides suitable for fabric finishing, we conducted screening tests on repellents and insecticides.
The repellent was tested by placing 50 mosquitoes in a glass box 2-3 separated by a plate and connected below, and placing 100 mg of the sample in 5, and then starting 12. Then the air passes through 13, a portion flows into 2 via 5, and the remainder enters 3 through 6 and both portions of the air are exhausted from the outside of the tank by 11. The air flow can be controlled at 3.5 liters/min. At this time, the sample in the 5th sample was entangled into the air by evaporation due to evaporation. If there is repellent activity, the mosquitoes in 2 should escape to 3, and record the number of mosquitoes in 2 and 3 before and after ventilation, respectively, to compare the repellent activity of the sample. The air flow method is shown below:
Figure 3. Air flow method diagram
1. partition; 2, 3. glass box divided into two chambers; 4. sample; 5, 6. glass bottle; 7-10. glass tube;
11. Glass tube with branch pipe; 12. Flow water pump; 13. Container filled with activated carbon; 14. Flow meter; 15. Flow regulating valve
The experimental results show that the DE group-based repellent K group has the best activity and low toxicity. The main component of the anti-mosquito solution is DEET, which can be directly applied to the skin of the human body to achieve the purpose of mosquito repellent. It is conceivable that the fabric will be safer.
2. Screening of pesticides
The screening test for insecticidal performance was carried out using a triangular flask method, and each experiment was repeated 3 times. In the experiment, the solvent was acetone, the concentration of the drug was 1g/l, and the dosage was 1ml, which was evenly coated on the inner wall of the flask. After the acetone was volatilized, the pyrethroid formed a film on the inner wall of the flask and was placed in 15- Twenty mosquitoes began to count and counted the number of mosquitoes. After 30 minutes of exposure, they were relocated in a desiccator for 30 minutes to count the percentage of mosquito death and ability to recover.
Three kinds of ideal pyrethroids were screened by the above-mentioned pyrethroid anti-mosquito test. Since various pyrethroid knockdowns, killings, and repelling effects have their own advantages, it is necessary to carry out the mixed effect test. The researchers conducted another 16 groups of mixed pyrethroid anti-mosquito tests. It was found that the knockdown, killing and repellent effects of mixed pyrethroids in group E and group H were very satisfactory.
[China Antibacterial Fabric Network ]
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