Acrylic fiber profile:
Acrylic fiber is a polyacrylonitrile fiber which is obtained by copolymerizing wet or dry spinning by copolymerizing 85% or more of acrylonitrile with a small amount of second and third monomers. Acrylic fiber was industrialized in the United States in 1950 and is currently one of the major synthetic fiber varieties. Since acrylic is similar in nature to wool, it is also known as "synthetic wool."
Acrylic fiber is mainly made of short fibers. It can be purely spun or blended with wool or other fibers to make fabrics for clothing, wool, blankets and knitwear. It is especially suitable for curtains. Nitriles can also be made into filament bundles for processing into acrylic bulked yarns. In addition, acrylic fiber is also the main raw material for the production of carbon fiber.
The main physical and chemical properties of acrylic
1. The longitudinal surface of the acrylic fiber has a small amount of grooves, and the cross section varies depending on the spinning method. The dry-spun fiber has a dumbbell-shaped cross section, and the wet-spun fiber has a circular shape.
2. The strength of the stretchable and elastic acrylic fiber is 17.6 to 30.8 cN/tex, which is lower than that of polyester and nylon, and the elongation at break is 25% to 46%, which is similar to polyester and nylon. The acrylic fiber is fluffy, curly and soft, and has good elasticity, but the residual deformation of the multiple stretching is large, so the cuffs and neckline of the acrylic knitted fabric are easily deformed.
3. The hygroscopic and dyeable acrylic fibers are compact in structure and low in hygroscopicity, and the moisture regaining rate is generally about 2% under atmospheric conditions. In addition, the dyeability of acrylic fibers is not good enough, but now it can be dyed into various bright colors with cationic dyes.
4. The light-resistant acrylic fiber is particularly excellent in light resistance and weather resistance, and is the best among common textile fibers. Acrylic fiber is exposed to outdoor exposure for one year, and its strength is only reduced by 20%. Therefore, acrylic fiber is most suitable for outdoor fabrics.
5. Acid and alkali resistant acrylic fiber has good chemical stability, acid resistance, weak alkali resistance, oxidant resistance and organic solvent. However, the acrylic fiber will yellow in the lye and the macromolecule will break.
6. The quasi-crystalline structure of other properties of acrylic fiber makes the fiber thermoelastic, so the acrylic fiber can be made into various bulky yarns. In addition, the acrylic fiber has good heat resistance, is not moldy, and is not afraid of insects, but has poor abrasion resistance and poor dimensional stability. Acrylic fiber has a relatively low density.
Polyester has poor dyeability and should be dyed at high temperature and high pressure.
4. Other properties Polyester has strong heat resistance, and its light resistance is second only to acrylic fiber. It has poor conductivity and is easy to generate static electricity. The fabric is easy to be dusted and stained. Polyester has good chemical stability and is not susceptible to mold and insects.
Spandex Overview:
Spandex is the trade name of polyurethane elastic fiber in our country. Spandex began industrial production in 1959. It mainly produces elastic fabrics, which are usually spun into spun yarns for weaving. It can be used to make a variety of underwear, swimwear, tights, jeans, sportswear, elastic parts of the belt and so on. The clothing made of spandex is comfortable to wear, can adapt to the needs of various parts of the body, and can reduce the sense of restraint on the body.
The main physical and chemical properties of spandex
1. The cross section of the morphological polyester elastic fiber is in the shape of a broad bean, and the cross section of the polyether elastic fiber is triangular.
2. The strength of the stretchable and elastic spandex is very low, and the breaking strength of the filament is about 4 to 9 cN/tex, but the elongation of the spandex is large, the elongation at break is 450% to 800%, and the elasticity is good. Therefore, high elongation and high elasticity are the biggest characteristics of spandex.
3. Hygroscopicity and dyeing spandex have poor hygroscopicity, and the moisture regain rate is about 0.8% to 1% under normal atmospheric conditions. However, its dyeing performance is better.
4. Other properties of spandex have a good density of only 1 to 1.3 g/cm3. In addition, spandex is better in acid and alkali resistance, solvent resistance, light resistance and abrasion resistance.
Overview of polypropylene:
Polypropylene is the trade name of polypropylene fiber, which is a fiber obtained by polymerization and melt spinning of propylene as a raw material. Polypropylene officially began industrial production in 1957, and is a rising star in synthetic fiber. Because polypropylene has the advantages of simple production process, low cost, high strength and light relative density, polypropylene has developed rapidly. Polypropylene is currently the fourth largest variety of synthetic fibers.
Polypropylene production includes short fibers, filaments and split fibers. The polypropylene film fiber is obtained by first forming a film into a film, and then stretching the film to split it into a network of fibrils. Polypropylene is widely used in the manufacture of industrial fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, and the like. Such as carpets, industrial filter cloth, ropes, fishing nets, building reinforcements, oil absorbing blankets and decorative fabrics. In terms of civilian use, polypropylene can be purely spun or blended with wool, cotton or viscose to make a variety of clothing. In addition, polypropylene film fibers can be used as packaging materials.
The main physical and chemical properties of polypropylene
1. The longitudinal direction of the polypropylene is flat and smooth, and the cross section is circular.
2. The biggest advantage of density polypropylene is its light weight. Its density is only 0.91g/cm3, which is the lightest of the common chemical fibers. Therefore, the same weight of polypropylene can obtain higher coverage than other fibers.
3. The strong stretch polypropylene has high strength, large elongation, high initial modulus and excellent elasticity. Therefore, polypropylene has good wear resistance. In addition, the wet strength of polypropylene is basically equal to dry strength, so it is an ideal material for making fishing nets and cables.
4. Hygroscopic and dyeable polypropylenes have little hygroscopicity and are almost non-hygroscopic, and the moisture regain under atmospheric conditions is generally close to zero. However, it has a wicking action that transfers water vapor through the capillary in the fabric, but does not itself absorb any absorption. The dyeability of polypropylene is poor, and the chromatogram is not complete, but the method of coloring the original liquid can be used to make up for the deficiency.
5. Acid and alkali resistant polypropylene has good chemical resistance. In addition to concentrated nitric acid and concentrated caustic soda, polypropylene has good resistance to acid and alkali, so it is suitable.
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