In China, cotton is the second largest agricultural cash crop in addition to grain and an important raw material for the textile industry. Based on the important position of the cotton industry in the national economy, how to guide its healthy and orderly development has become an important aspect of the country’s overall macroeconomic control.
In 1998, the State Council issued the "Decision on Deepening the Reform of the Cotton Distribution System" and the 2001 State Council's "further deepening the reform of the cotton circulation system." The introduction of the document clearly defined the release of the cotton purchase, breaking the monopoly, separation of the cotton reserve and the operation, domestic cotton The purchase and sale price is formed by the market, and the country no longer has unified pricing, which indicates the end of the era of China's cotton planned economy, and the domestic cotton price really begins with the formation of the market.
In 2003, apart from issuing 856,000 tons of imported allowances that were originally pledged to join the WTO, the country also added 1.5 million tons of imported cotton quotas outside the customs duties, with a tariff of 1%, which means that China's cotton prices have started to link with international cotton prices.
The marketization and internationalization of the cotton price formation mechanism is an inevitable development trend. China's cotton system reform has achieved significant results, but some key links still need to be broken, such as how to stabilize domestic cotton production.
China's arable land is limited and there is a serious conflict between grain and cotton, the ups and downs of cotton prices, the impact of natural climate, the characteristics of Chinese cotton producers, and the complete independence of planting, resulting in a more volatile domestic cotton area and output. Big, this is extremely unfavorable to the stable development of the Chinese cotton industry. Judging from the current national conditions, the cotton planting area is stable at more than 80 million mu, which is more appropriate. Through the increase in yield and quality, the total domestic cotton output will be stabilized at 8 million to 9 million tons, plus some imports, which will basically meet domestic cotton consumption. .
In an interview with the author, relevant experts mentioned that the most fundamental and effective measure to solve the problem of stable cotton acreage is to implement a minimum purchase price protection system. The minimum protection price should refer to the ratio of grain and cotton to cotton and Other commodities, the supply and demand of cotton at home and abroad, the cost of cotton production, the price of labor, and other factors, but still no results. They suggest that countries that can follow the better implementation of agricultural subsidies policy can implement some subsidies. Of course, once the subsidy policy is proposed, many people will oppose it. The objection is that, after joining the WTO, subsidies are subject to the provisions of the WTO and the global economy as a whole. However, the implementation of subsidy policies ultimately depends on whether they are in line with the interests of their own country, rather than on the rules of the game. Therefore, in the United States, which claims to have the highest degree of marketization, the government has at least three subsidies for farmers in cotton production. More than one.
At the same time, it is very important to stabilize the cotton market in China by means of effective measures by the state to scientifically adjust the quantity of imported cotton. When China's accession to the WTO, it promised to import 894,000 tons of cotton with a 1% tariff each year. Now that China's cotton gap has far exceeded this amount, each year the country has issued additional cotton import quotas outside the 1% tariff, and additional issuance part of the sliding tariff rate, at 5% The tax rate of ～40% is subject to sliding taxation. The base price is 11,397 yuan per ton. In 2008, the fixed rate that exceeds this benchmark price is calculated at an additional 570 yuan per ton.
The number of issuance quotas is mainly determined by the National Development and Reform Commission according to the size of the domestic supply and demand gap in the current year. However, one of the key issues here is the inaccurate statistics on domestic production and consumption, resulting in more or fewer occurrences. Therefore, accurate control of production and consumption is particularly important for the regulation of additional quotas.
In response, textile companies have called for the state to consider removing cotton import quotas and liberalizing imports so as to ensure that textile companies' demand for high-quality cotton is met. If the import quota system cannot be abolished at one time, companies suggest that whether or not the tax exemption can be issued according to the supply and demand situation in the domestic market. The amount can be appropriately relaxed, and the validity of the quota can be extended appropriately. In this way, it is easy for various types of entities to flexibly grasp the timing of imports in accordance with changes in the market at different times. It also avoids the concentrated distribution of domestic quotas and leaves opportunities for foreign countries and cotton traders to raise speculation on cotton prices.
In 1998, the State Council issued the "Decision on Deepening the Reform of the Cotton Distribution System" and the 2001 State Council's "further deepening the reform of the cotton circulation system." The introduction of the document clearly defined the release of the cotton purchase, breaking the monopoly, separation of the cotton reserve and the operation, domestic cotton The purchase and sale price is formed by the market, and the country no longer has unified pricing, which indicates the end of the era of China's cotton planned economy, and the domestic cotton price really begins with the formation of the market.
In 2003, apart from issuing 856,000 tons of imported allowances that were originally pledged to join the WTO, the country also added 1.5 million tons of imported cotton quotas outside the customs duties, with a tariff of 1%, which means that China's cotton prices have started to link with international cotton prices.
The marketization and internationalization of the cotton price formation mechanism is an inevitable development trend. China's cotton system reform has achieved significant results, but some key links still need to be broken, such as how to stabilize domestic cotton production.
China's arable land is limited and there is a serious conflict between grain and cotton, the ups and downs of cotton prices, the impact of natural climate, the characteristics of Chinese cotton producers, and the complete independence of planting, resulting in a more volatile domestic cotton area and output. Big, this is extremely unfavorable to the stable development of the Chinese cotton industry. Judging from the current national conditions, the cotton planting area is stable at more than 80 million mu, which is more appropriate. Through the increase in yield and quality, the total domestic cotton output will be stabilized at 8 million to 9 million tons, plus some imports, which will basically meet domestic cotton consumption. .
In an interview with the author, relevant experts mentioned that the most fundamental and effective measure to solve the problem of stable cotton acreage is to implement a minimum purchase price protection system. The minimum protection price should refer to the ratio of grain and cotton to cotton and Other commodities, the supply and demand of cotton at home and abroad, the cost of cotton production, the price of labor, and other factors, but still no results. They suggest that countries that can follow the better implementation of agricultural subsidies policy can implement some subsidies. Of course, once the subsidy policy is proposed, many people will oppose it. The objection is that, after joining the WTO, subsidies are subject to the provisions of the WTO and the global economy as a whole. However, the implementation of subsidy policies ultimately depends on whether they are in line with the interests of their own country, rather than on the rules of the game. Therefore, in the United States, which claims to have the highest degree of marketization, the government has at least three subsidies for farmers in cotton production. More than one.
At the same time, it is very important to stabilize the cotton market in China by means of effective measures by the state to scientifically adjust the quantity of imported cotton. When China's accession to the WTO, it promised to import 894,000 tons of cotton with a 1% tariff each year. Now that China's cotton gap has far exceeded this amount, each year the country has issued additional cotton import quotas outside the 1% tariff, and additional issuance part of the sliding tariff rate, at 5% The tax rate of ～40% is subject to sliding taxation. The base price is 11,397 yuan per ton. In 2008, the fixed rate that exceeds this benchmark price is calculated at an additional 570 yuan per ton.
The number of issuance quotas is mainly determined by the National Development and Reform Commission according to the size of the domestic supply and demand gap in the current year. However, one of the key issues here is the inaccurate statistics on domestic production and consumption, resulting in more or fewer occurrences. Therefore, accurate control of production and consumption is particularly important for the regulation of additional quotas.
In response, textile companies have called for the state to consider removing cotton import quotas and liberalizing imports so as to ensure that textile companies' demand for high-quality cotton is met. If the import quota system cannot be abolished at one time, companies suggest that whether or not the tax exemption can be issued according to the supply and demand situation in the domestic market. The amount can be appropriately relaxed, and the validity of the quota can be extended appropriately. In this way, it is easy for various types of entities to flexibly grasp the timing of imports in accordance with changes in the market at different times. It also avoids the concentrated distribution of domestic quotas and leaves opportunities for foreign countries and cotton traders to raise speculation on cotton prices.
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